Memory interface device and memory address generation device

ABSTRACT

A memory interface device of the present invention includes: an input buffer including a plurality of input areas; an output buffer including a plurality of output areas; and a control section for controlling the input buffer, the output buffer and a single port memory. The control section controls the input buffer and the single port memory so as to transfer a signal stored in one of the input areas of the input buffer to the single port memory while storing an input signal in another one of the input areas of the input buffer. The control section controls the output buffer and the single port memory so as to output as an output signal a signal stored in one of the output areas of the output buffer while transferring a signal stored in the single port memory to another one of the output areas of the output buffer.

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.09/165,785 filed Oct. 2, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,453,394.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a memory interface device for writingand reading a digital signal to/from a single port memory. The presentinvention also relates to a memory address generation device used insuch a memory interface device for generating an address in a memory.

2. Description of the Related Art

In recent years, in the field of video and sound signal processing, agreat amount of data has been digitalized and digitally processed. Moreand more source data has been made available in multimedia formats,thereby demanding for a more sophisticated digital signal processingmethod. For developing such a method, improving memory-related processesis considered to be a key.

There are various video signal formats, or standards, including NTSC,PAL, HDTV, VGA and SVGA, and, at the same time, there are various typesof display devices including a CRT, an LCD (liquid crystal display) anda plasma display. It is required to process digital video signals of thevarious formats in a single display (television) system.

A digital signal processing system using a memory is essential forconverting one video signal format to another, and/or for synthesizingtwo or more non-synchronous video signals together. In such processes, ahigh-speed, real-time data processing method is required for writing andreading the video signals without a break.

Conventionally, a dual port memory such as a FIFO is used for writingand reading the video signals to/from a memory in real time.Alternatively, two single port memories are used, and the real timeprocessing is achieved by alternately controlling the write and readoperations to/from the two single port memories. In addition, specialpurpose memory control devices are provided for converting the videosignal format and for processing a plurality of non-synchronous videosignals, respectively.

Thus, processing video signals in real time requires at least two singleport memories or a single dual port memory, thereby making the entiresystem expensive. Moreover, since usable bit width and clock frequencyof the video signal are limited even when such a memory arrangement isprovided, a flexible system may not be realized.

Processing video signals of different formats requires a digital signalprocessing system capable of processing each video signal in real timeusing a memory at a rate associated with the signal format. Accordingly,address control methods are also becoming more complicated.

A conventional memory control device uses special purpose hardware forcalculating the memory address for each of a plurality of addresspointers.

However, a conventional display (television) system which processesdifferent video signal formats needs a number of special purposehardwares for controlling the memory addresses in different manners inaccordance with the different video signal formats, thereby tending tohave a large scale circuit.

Moreover, conventionally, an additional special purpose memory is neededfor a frame synchronization process for converting a video signal in asynchronous system to another video signal in a different synchronoussystem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of this invention, a memory interface deviceincludes: an input buffer including a plurality of input areas; anoutput buffer including a plurality of output areas; and a controlsection for controlling the input buffer, the output buffer and a singleport memory. The control section controls the input buffer and thesingle port memory so as to transfer a signal stored in one of the inputareas of the input buffer to the single port memory while storing aninput signal in another one of the input areas of the input buffer. Thecontrol section controls the output buffer and the single port memory soas to output as an output signal a signal stored in one of the outputareas of the output buffer while transferring a signal stored in thesingle port memory to another one of the output areas of the outputbuffer.

In one embodiment of the invention, the memory interface device furtherincludes a bus width conversion circuit for converting an output buswidth of the input buffer to an input bus width of the single portmemory, and converting an output bus width of the single port memory toan input bus width of the output buffer.

In one embodiment of the invention, the input buffer is divided along abit line direction and along a word line direction of the input bufferinto a plurality of input areas, and the output buffer is divided alonga bit line direction and along a word line direction of the outputbuffer into a plurality of output areas.

In one embodiment of the invention, each of the input buffer and theoutput buffer outputs to the control section a request signal foraccessing the single port memory. The control section has an arbitrationcircuit for prioritizing access request signals based on a predeterminedpriority sequence.

In one embodiment of the invention, the memory interface device furtherincludes a circuit for writing a signal from the input buffer directlyto the output buffer.

According to another aspect of this invention, a memory addressgeneration device for generating a plurality of addresses for accessinga memory is provided. The device includes: an address update section forupdating N addresses (where N is a natural number) at a predeterminedtiming based on a predetermined relationship among the N addresses. Theupdated addresses are incremented.

In one embodiment of the invention, the predetermined relationship amongthe N addresses is represented by K predetermined values (where K is anatural number). The address update section updates at least one of theN addresses using the K predetermined values.

In one embodiment of the invention, the K predetermined values areoffset values. The address update section selectively updates one of theN addresses to obtain a reference address, and updates each remainingone-of the N addresses through a calculation based on the referenceaddress and one of the offset values.

In one embodiment of the invention, the address update section updatesthe one of the N addresses to be the reference address in one directionand updates each remaining one of the N addresses in an oppositedirection.

In one embodiment of the invention, a first synchronous signal and asecond synchronous signal which have different frequencies are provided.The address update section updates the N addresses by selectively usingthe first synchronous signal or the second synchronous signal.

In one embodiment of the invention, the address update section logicallydivides a memory address space into a plurality of areas. The addressupdate section generates an address by independently incrementing anaddress pointer in each of the areas.

In one embodiment of the invention, the memory address space starts froma start address and ends with an end address. The address update sectionlogically divides the memory address space by a boundary into a firstarea including the start address and a second area including the endaddress. The address update section calculates an address using alogical address based on the start address either in the first area orin the second area. The address update section inverts the calculatedaddress for the second area, thereby providing an actual address in thesecond area.

In one embodiment of the invention, M first synchronous system signalsand K second synchronous system signals which are not synchronized withthe M first synchronous signals are provided. The address update sectionprovides a special memory area in the memory address space for storingthe second synchronous system signals. The address update sectioncalculates a read address of the second synchronous system signal basedon a write address of the second synchronous system signal and thesecond synchronous system signal.

Thus, it is not necessary to provide a number of arithmetic unitscorresponding to the number of address pointers used. Rather, theaddress pointers can be updated using only one arithmetic unit, therebyrealizing a small-scale memory address generation device.

Moreover, a plurality of addresses are updated based on a predeterminedrelationship among the addresses. Thus, it is possible to allocate theaddresses within the memory space while maintaining the relationship ofthe address pointers with respect to one another.

Furthermore, a plurality of addresses are updated through a relativecalculation based on a reference address. Therefore, even when acalculation error occurs while updating an address, the address may beback in proper relationship with the others after the address is updatedagain.

The update direction for the reference address is opposite to the updatedirection for the other addresses. Thus, it is not necessary to providean additional bit to indicate the sign of the updated address, therebyreducing the number of bits required for the register. In addition, thenumber of bits required for the arithmetic unit is also reduced.

Moreover, some of the address pointers may be updated each time thehorizontal blanking start signal is input, for example, therebyproviding the address with a horizontal offset, and thus making itpossible to, for example, provide a small screen in the memory.

Furthermore, write and read operations are performed for video signalswhich are different in the number of bits or the number of fieldsrequired. In order to achieve this, a plurality of memory areas areprovided in one memory space, and the address pointers are moved atdifferent rates in different memory areas, respectively. Thus, it ispossible to effectively utilize the memory space.

The memory space is divided into two memory areas by a single boundary.The two areas can be addressed in substantially the same manner by usinglogical addresses. Thus, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale ofthe device.

Moreover, write and read operations are performed for different videosignals which are not synchronized with each other. A signal in asynchronous system can be properly read out in synchronization with asignal in a different synchronous system by using only one memoryaddress generation device for generating addresses and only one memory.

Thus, the invention described herein makes possible at least one of theadvantages of: (1) providing a memory interface device capable ofprocessing a video signal in real time using one single port memory; (2)providing a memory interface device capable of processing a video signalin real time using one single port memory, and realizing a system whichis independent of a bit number of an input/output signal or a bus widthof the single port memory; (3) providing a memory interface devicecapable of processing a video signal in real time using one single portmemory, which enables signal processing of a plurality ofnon-synchronous video signals; and (4) providing a memory addressgeneration device having a simple structure and capable of generating aplurality of addresses used in a memory, which enables signal processingof a plurality of non-synchronous video signals using only one memory.

These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparentto those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the followingdetailed description with reference to the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a memory interface deviceaccording to Example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an input buffer;

FIG. 3 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for writing datato a single port memory;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an output buffer;

FIG. 5 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for reading outdata from a single port memory;

FIG. 6 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for writing andreading data to/from a single port memory in real time;

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary memory map of a single port memory;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an input buffer section;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an output buffer section;

FIG. 10 to a diagram illustrating a memory cell array;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a write control section;

FIG. 12 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation of a writecontrol section;

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an input data read control section;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a control section;

FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating a timing generator;

FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating an address generator;

FIGS. 16A and 16B each shows an exemplary memory map of a single portmemory;

FIGS. 17A to 17D each shows an exemplary memory map of a single portmemory;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an arbitration circuit;

FIG. 19 is a chart illustrating various values output from an arbitratorfor various register settings;

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating memory cell arrays of an input bufferand an output buffer;

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an input signal write control section;

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 3 of the present invention;

FIGS. 23A, 23B and 23C illustrate an address update operation accordingto Example 3 of the present invention;

FIGS. 24A and 24B illustrate an operation of a limiter according toExample 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 4 of the present invention;

FIGS. 26A, 26B and 26C illustrate an address update operation accordingto Example 4 of the present invention;

FIGS. 27A and 27B illustrate an operation of a limiter according toExample 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 5 of the present invention;

FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C illustrate an address update operation accordingto Example 5 of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 31 illustrates an address space according to Example 6 of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 32A and 32B illustrate an operation of a limiter according toExample 6 of the present invention;

FIGS. 33A and 33B illustrate an operation of a limiter according toExample 6 of the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 7 of the present invention;

FIG. 35 illustrates an address space according to Example 7 of thepresent invention;

FIGS. 36A and 36B illustrate an operation of a limiter according toExample 7 of the present invention;

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate another operation of a limiter according toExample 7 of the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating a memory address generationdevice according to Example 8 of the present invention; and

FIGS. 39A and 39B illustrate a frame synchronization operation accordingto Example 8 of the present invention.

The entire disclosure of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/165,785,filed Oct. 2, 1998, is expressly incorporated by reference herein.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS EXAMPLE 1

FIG. 1 illustrates a memory interface device 200 according to Example 1of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the memory interfacedevice 200 includes an input buffer section 1, an output buffer section2 and a control section 3. The control section 3 controls the inputbuffer section 1, the output buffer section 2 and a single port memory6.

The control section 3 outputs an input buffer control signal to theinput buffer section 1 and an output buffer control signal to the outputbuffer section 2 in response to a synchronization signal. The controlsection 3 receives request signals from the input buffer section 1 andthe output buffer section 2 for accessing the single port memory 6, andoutputs an address, a control signal, or the like, to the single portmemory 6 in response to the access request signal.

It is assumed in the present example that the signal input to the memoryinterface device 200 is a video signal which includes a luminance signalY and a color difference signal C.

The input buffer section 1 includes an input buffer 1 a for receivingthe luminance signal Y and another input buffer 1 b for receiving thecolor difference signal C. Similarly, the output buffer section 2includes an output buffer 2 a for outputting the luminance signal Y andanother output buffer 2 b for outputting the color difference signal C.The luminance signal Y is stored in the single port memory 6 via theinput buffer 1 a, and the luminance signal Y read out from the singleport memory 6 is output via the output buffer 2 a. The color differencesignal C is stored in the single port memory 6 via the input buffer 1 b,and the color difference signal C read out from the single port memory 6is output via the output buffer 2 b.

Although the input buffer section 1 and the output buffer section 2 arepreferably divided into two Subsections for different signals in thepresent example, such division is not necessary for the presentinvention. Alternatively, the input buffer section 1 may include onlyone input buffer, and the output buffer section 2 may include only oneoutput buffer. Such an embodiment is within the scope of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 illustrates the input buffer 1 a. The input buffer 1 b preferablyhas the same structure as that of the input buffer 1 a.

Referring to FIG. 2, a black dot 7 and a white dot 8 each represent amemory cell for storing one bit of data. The black dot 7 represents amemory cell storing one bit of data, and the white dot 8 represents anempty memory cell storing no data. The bit width of the signal (theluminance signal Y) input to the input buffer 1 a is n bits, and thetotal size of the input buffer 1 a is m×n bits, where n is a positiveinteger and m is n×2.

The input signal is stored in one or more columns of memory cells,starting from the 0^(th) column. In FIG. 2, the input signal is storedin the 0^(th) to 2^(nd) columns of memory cells.

The input buffer 1 a is logically divided into two areas I₁ and I₂. Thearea I₁ includes the 0^(th) to (m−2)/2^(th) columns of memory cells, andthe area I₂ includes the m/2^(th) to (m−1)th columns of memory cells. Awrite operation (transfer) of data from the input buffer 1 a to thesingle port memory 6 occurs when one of the areas I₁ and I₂ is filledwith data.

FIG. 3 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for writing theinput signal to the single port memory 6 after the input signal istemporarily stored in the input buffer 1 a. The timing of writing theinput signal to the single port memory 6 after the input signal istemporarily stored in the input buffer 1 b is substantially the same asthat illustrated in FIG. 3.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, a horizontal synchronizationsignal is used as a reference signal, though any other signal mayalternatively be used as the reference signal.

An input buffer enable signal indicates whether or not to enable a writeoperation to the input buffer 1 a. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3,a high level input buffer enable signal indicates an enabling state, anda low level input buffer enable signal indicates a disabling state. Inresponse to the horizontal synchronization signal, the control section 3outputs the input buffer enable signal to the input buffer 1 a. Theinput buffer enable signal is a type of input buffer control signal.

A request for writing data to the single port memory 6 is generated whenone of the areas I₁ and I₂ is filled with data. Therefore, while theinput buffer enable signal is at the high level, the request for writingdata to the single port memory 6 is generated for each cycle of m/2.

In response to the first request for writing data to the single portmemory 6, data stored in the area I₁ of the input buffer 1 a istransferred to and written in the single port memory 6. While the datastored in the area I₁ of the input buffer 1 a is being transferred tothe single port memory 6, another input signal is stored in the area I₂of the input buffer 1 a.

In response to the next request for writing data to the single portmemory 6, data stored in the area I₂ of the input buffer 1 a istransferred to and written in the single port memory 6. While the datastored in the area I₂ of the input buffer 1 a is being transferred tothe single port memory 6, another input signal is stored in the area I₁of the input buffer 1 a. Subsequently, the same process is repeated.

By dividing the input buffer 1 a into two areas, as described above, itis possible to transfer data stored in one of the areas of the inputbuffer 1 a to the single port memory 6 while storing the next inputsignal in the other area. Thus, it is possible to transfer data from theinput buffer 1 a to the single port memory 6 without discontinuing thestoring of the input signal in the input buffer 1 a.

Although the input buffer 1 a is divided into two areas in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 2, the input buffer 1 a may generally be dividedinto L areas (L is a natural number greater than or equal to 2). Theinput signal may have any number of bite, as long as the number of bitsis equal to or less than the row address size of the input buffer 1 a.The same applies to the input buffer 1 b.

FIG. 4 illustrates the output buffer 2 a. The output buffer 2 b has thesame structure as that of the output buffer 2 a.

Referring to FIG. 4, a black dot 7 and a white dot 8 each represent amemory cell for storing one bit of data. The black dot 7 represents amemory cell storing one bit of data, and the white dot 8 represents anempty memory cell storing no data. The bit width of the signal (theluminance signal Y) output from the output buffer 28 is n bits, and thetotal size of the output buffer 2 a is m×n bits, where n and m are eacha positive integer.

The output signal is output from one or more columns of memory cells,starting from the 0^(th) column. In FIG. 4, the data has been outputfrom the 0^(th) to 2^(nd) columns of memory cells.

The output buffer 2 a is logically divided into two areas O₁ and O₂. Thearea O₁ includes the 0^(th) to (m−2)/2^(th) columns of memory cells, andthe area O₂ includes the m/2^(th) to (m−1)^(th) columns of memory cells.A read operation (transfer) of data from the single port memory 6 to theoutput buffer 2 a occurs when one of the areas O₁ and O₂ becomes empty.

FIG. 5 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for externallyoutputting data from the memory interface device 200 after the data isread out from the single port memory 6 and temporarily stored in theoutput buffer 2 a. The timing of externally outputting data from thememory interface device 200 after the data is read out from the singleport memory 6 and temporarily stored in the output buffer 2 b issubstantially the same as that illustrated in FIG. 5.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 5, a horizontal synchronizationsignal is used as a reference signal, though any other signal mayalternatively be used as the reference signal.

An output buffer enable signal indicates whether or not to enable a readoperation from the output buffer 2 a. In the example illustrated in FIG.5, a high level output buffer enable signal indicates an enabling state,and a low level output buffer enable signal indicates a disabling state.In response to the horizontal synchronization signal, the controlsection 3 outputs the output buffer enable signal to the output buffer 2a. The output buffer enable signal is a type of output buffer controlsignal.

A request for reading out data from the single port memory 6 isgenerated when one of the areas O₁ and O₂ becomes empty. Therefore,while the output buffer enable signal is at the high level, the requestfor reading out data from the single port memory 6 is generated for eachcycle of m/2 (a period for accessing m/2 columns of memory cells).

It is assumed that the output buffer 2 a is empty when the horizontalsynchronization signal goes high. In the example illustrated in FIG. 5,in response to the first request for reading out data from the singleport memory 6, data read out from the single port memory 6 istransferred to and written in the area O₁ of the output buffer 2 a.

In response to the output buffer enable signal going high, the datastored in the area O₁ of the output buffer 2 a starts to be output.While the data stored in the area O₁ of the output buffer 2 a is beingoutput, another output signal is read out from the single port memory 6,and transferred to and written in the area O₂ of the output buffer 2 a.Subsequently, the same process is repeated.

By dividing the output buffer 2 a into two areas, as described above, itis possible to output data stored in one of the areas of the outputbuffer 2 a as an output signal while storing the next signal read outfrom the single port memory 6 in the other area. Thus, it is possible totransfer data from the single port memory 6 to the output buffer 2 awithout discontinuing the outputting of the output signal from theoutput buffer 2 a.

Although the output buffer 2 a is divided into two areas in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 4, the output buffer 2 a may generally be dividedinto N areas (N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2). Theoutput signal may have any number of bits, as long as the number of bitsis equal to or less than the row address size of the output buffer 2 a.The same applies to the output buffer 2 b.

When the control section 3 receives a write request from the inputbuffers 1 a and 1 b, the control section 3 controls the input buffers 1a and 1 b so as to transfer data from the input buffers 1 a and 1 b tothe single port memory 6, and outputs an address and a control signal tothe single port memory 6. The transferred data is stored in the addressin the single port memory 6.

When the control section 3 receives a read request from the outputbuffers 2 a and 2 b, the control section 3 outputs an address and acontrol signal to the single port memory 6. The single port memory 6reads out data from the address in the single port memory 6, andtransfers the data to the output buffers 2 a and 2 b. The controlsection 3 controls the output buffers 2 a and 2 b so as to store thedata in the output buffers 2 a and 2 b.

FIG. 6 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation for performing awrite operation (for writing a video signal to the single port memory 6while storing the video signal in the input buffers 1 a and 1 b) and aread operation (for reading out a video signal from the single portmemory 6 while storing the video signal in the output buffers 2 a and 2b) in parallel using the memory interface device 200 having thestructure Illustrated in FIG. 1.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 6, a horizontal synchronizationsignal is used as a reference signal, though any other signal mayalternatively be used as the reference signal.

It is assumed that the output buffers 2 a and 2 b are empty when thehorizontal synchronization signal goes high. In the example illustratedin FIG. 6, a first set of requests for reading out data from the singleport memory 6 (including a request for reading out the luminance signalY and a request for reading out the color difference signal C) are sentto the control section 3. In response to these requests, the controlsection 3 reads out the luminance signal Y and the color differencesignal C from the single port memory 6 in this order, and transfers theluminance signal Y to the area O₁ of the output buffer 2 a and the colordifference signal C to the area O₁ of the output buffer 2 b.

The input buffer enable signal and the output buffer enable signal gohigh at the same time.

In response to the input buffer enable signal going high, data starts tobe input to the respective areas I₁ of the input buffers 1 a and 1 b.

In response to the output buffer enable signal going high, data whichhas been stored in the respective areas O₁ of the output buffers 2 a and2 b starts to be output.

The next set of requests for reading out data from the single portmemory 6 (including a request for reading out the luminance signal Y anda request for reading out the color difference signal C) are sent to thecontrol section 3. In response to these requests, the control section 3reads out the luminance signal Y and the color difference signal C fromthe single port memory 6 in this order, and transfers the luminancesignal Y to the area O₂ of the output buffer 2 a and the colordifference signal C to the area O₂ of the output buffer 2 b.

One cycle (m/2) after the set of requests for reading out date from thesingle port memory 6 (including the request for reading out theluminance signal Y and the request for reading out the color differencesignal C) are issued, a set of requests for writing data to the singleport memory 6 (including a request for writing the luminance signal Yand a request for writing the color difference signal C) and a set ofrequests for reading out data from the single port memory 6 (including arequest for reading out the luminance signal Y and a request for readingout the color difference signal C) are generated at the same time.

In response to the write and read requests, the control section 3transfers and writes the luminance signal Y (stored in the area I₁ ofthe input buffer 1 a) and the color difference signal C (stored in thearea I₁ of the input buffer 1 b) to the single port memory 6 in thisorder. Then, the luminance signal Y and the color difference signal Care read out in this order from the single port memory 6. The luminancesignal Y is transferred to and written in the areas O₁ of the outputbuffer 2 a, and the color difference signal C to the area O₁ of theoutput buffer 2 b. The write and read operations of data to/from thesingle port memory 6 are each performed within one cycle (m/2).

The signals stored in the respective areas I₁ of the input buffers 1 aand 1 b are transferred to the single port memory 6, while the nextinput signals are stored in the respective areas I₂ of the input buffers1 a and 1 b. The signals stored in the respective areas O₂ of the outputbuffers 2 a and 2 b are externally output, while the next signals aretransferred from the single port memory 6 to the respective areas O₁ ofthe output buffers 2 a and 2 b. Subsequently, the same process isrepeated.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary memory map of the single port memory 6.A luminance signal Y1 and a color difference signal C1 for the firstfield are stored in addresses from 0 to n1−1 and in addresses from n1 ton2−1, respectively, of the single port memory 6. Luminance signals Y2 toY4 and color difference signals C2 to C4 for the second to fourth fieldsare stored similarly in addresses from n2 to n8−1. When the luminancesignal Y2 and the color difference signal C2 for the second field arebeing input to the input buffer 1 a and 1 b, respectively, the luminancesignal Y1 and the color difference signal C1 for the first field arebeing read out to the output buffers 2 a and 2 b, respectively.

FIG. 8 illustrates the input buffer section 1. For simplicity, the inputbuffer section 1 is assumed to have only one input buffer 1 c. Thefollowing description also applies to the case where the input buffersection 1 includes the two input buffers 1 a and 1 b, as in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1. It is also assumed that each input signal has 2or 4 bits and that each word within the single port memory 6 also has 2or 4 bits.

The input buffer section 1 includes an input signal write controlsection 9, the input buffer 1 c and an input data read control section11. The input signal write control section 9 controls writing of aninput signal. The input buffer 1 c temporarily stores the input signal.The input data read control section 11 reads out the data stored in theinput buffer 1 c to the single port memory 6.

FIG. 9 illustrates the output buffer section 2. For simplicity, theoutput buffer section 2 is assumed to have only one output buffer 2 c.The following description also applies to the case where the outputbuffer section 2 includes the two input buffers 2 a and 2 b, as in theexample illustrated in FIG. 1.

The output buffer section 2 includes an output signal read controlsection 12, the output buffer 2 c and an output data write controlsection 13. The output signal read control section 12 controls readingout of an output signal. The output buffer 2 c temporarily stores theoutput signal. The output data write control section 13 stores the dataread out from the single port memory 6 in the output buffer 2 c.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 10, an operation of the input buffer section 1will now be described.

Video signals input to the input buffer section 1 are successivelywritten in the input buffer 1 c.

FIG. 10 illustrates the input buffer 1 c. The input buffer 1 c includesa memory cell array 10 including memory cells 47 (each storing one bitof data). Reference numerals 20 to 27 each denote a pair of memory cells(each storing one bit of data). Reference numerals 28 to 37 each denotea wired OR. The input buffer 1 c further includes flip flops 38 to 41, amultiplexer 42 for multiplexing data, selectors 43 and 44, and tristatebuffers 45 and 46. The tristate buffers 45 and 46 each output the inputsignal intact when a control signal is at a low level. When the controlsignal is at a high level, the output impedance of the tristate buffers45 and 46 becomes high and the tristate buffers 45 and 46 output nosignal.

In the present example, the data bit width of the single port memory 6is four, and one address is provided for every four bits accordingly.Moreover, the memory cell array 10 is divided into two areas I₁ (forcolumn addresses 0 and 1) and I₂ (for column addresses 2 and 3).

The memory cell array 10 is also divided along the row direction intotwo sections having row addresses 0 and 1, respectively. The bits of thememory cells at each address are ORed with the corresponding bits of thememory bus. When the input video signal has 4 bits, the signal iswritten in both of the row addresses 0 and 1. When the input videosignal has 2 bits, the signal is written only in the row address 0.

When the input signal is a data string of 2 bits, the first data (2bits) is stored in the memory cell pair 20 at the address (0 (row), 0(column)) during one cycle, and the second date (2 bits) is stored inthe memory cell pair 22 at (0, 1) during the following cycle. At thispoint, data is stored in all the memory cell pairs in the row address 1in the area I₁, and the data is read out to the memory bus to startwriting the data to the single port memory 6.

Since the memory bus has 4 bits, the data stored in the memory cell pair20 and the data stored in the memory cell 22 are read out through thewired OR 28 and the wired OR 32, respectively, so as to form and output4-bit data to the flip flops 38 to 41.

When the single port memory 6 has 4 bits/word, a clock signal having thesame frequency as the frequency with which data is written in the singleport memory 6 is input to the flip flops 38 to 41. When the selectsignal is switched to a low level, the selector 43 outputs the signalfrom the flip flop 38 to the single port memory 6 and the selector 44outputs the signal from the flip flop 39 to the single port memory 6.Similarly, the tristate buffer 45 outputs the signal from the flip flop40 to the single port memory 6, and the tristate buffer 46 outputs thesignal from the flip flop 41 to the single port memory 6. In this way,the data output from the input buffer 1 c has 4 bits, and thus the inputbuffer 1 c can be connected to a single port memory having a bit widthof 4 bits.

When the single port memory 6 has 2 bits/word, a clock signal having afrequency which is one half of the frequency with which data is writtenin the single port memory 6 is input to the flip flops 38 to 41. Themultiplexer 42 receives inputs from the flip flops 38 to 41. One of theflip flops 38 and 40 is selected to be the first output of themultiplexer 42. The data from the flip-flop 38 is output when the clocksignal is at the high level, and the data from the flip flop 40 isoutput when the clock signal is at the low level. Similarly, one of theflip flops 39 and 41 is selected to be the second output of themultiplexer 42. The data from the flip flop 39 is output when the clocksignal is at the high level, and the data from the flip flop 41 isoutput when the clock signal is at the low level. Therefore, themultiplexer 42 outputs data at a data rate twice as high as the clocksignal.

In response to the selection signal being at the high level, theselector 43 outputs the first output of the multiplexer 42 to the singleport memory 6, and the selector 44 outputs the second output of themultiplexer 42 to the single port memory 6. The output impedance of thetristate buffers 45 and 46 becomes high. Therefore, the data output fromthe input buffer 1 c has 2 bits, and the input buffer 1 c can beconnected to a single port memory having a bit width of 2 bits.

The data output to the single port memory 6 is performed insubstantially the same manner also when data is stored in both of thememory cell pairs (24 and 26) in the area I₂.

When the input signal is a data string of 4 bits, the first data (4bits) is stored in the memory cell pairs 20 and 21, and the second data(4 bits) is stored in the memory cell pairs 22 and 23. At this point,data is stored in all the memory cell pairs in the area I₁, and the datais read out to the memory bus to start writing the data to the singleport memory 6.

Since the memory bus has 4 bits, the data stored in the memory cell pair20 and the data stored in the memory cell pair 21 are first read outthrough the wired OR 28 and the wired OR 29, respectively, so as to form4-bit data. Subsequently, the data stored in the memory cell pair 22 andthe data stored in the memory cell pair 23 are read out through thewired OR 30 and the wired OR 31, respectively, so as to form and output4-bit data to the flip flops 38 to 41.

In this way, either a 2-bit input data or a 4-bit data can be written inthe single port memory 6 which has either 2 bits/word or 4 bits/word.This can also apply to the case where the input data is n-bit data (n isa natural number) and the single port memory 6 has m bits/word (m is anatural number). Moreover, the structure of the memory cell array 10 canalso be used for the output buffer section 2. Furthermore, the order inwhich the data is transferred to/from the plurality of areas (e.g., I₁and I₂) is not limited to that of the present example, and any otherorder can be employed as long as all the buffered data can betransferred.

FIG. 11 illustrates the write control section 9. Referring to FIG. 11,the write control section 9 includes a differential circuit 50, ANDgates 51 to 55 and flip flops 57 to 60. The differential circuit 50receives a reset signal, and outputs a signal having a widthsubstantially equal to one clock. While the output of the differentialcircuit 50 is at the high level, the flip flop 57 is set to the highlevel, and the other flip flops 58 to 60 are each reset to the lowlevel. This is the initial state of the write control section 9.

Then, when an enable signal goes high, a clock signal is input to eachof the flip flops 57 to 60, thereby shifting the respective values inthe flip flops 57 to 60 to the right. Thus, at this point, the output ofthe flip flop 58 is at the high level, and the outputs of the other flipflops 57, 59 and 60 are at the low level. At the same time, the outputof the AND gate 53 is at the high level, and the outputs of the otherAND gates 52, 54 and 55 are at the low level. By providing these signalsto the word lines for writing data to the memory cells in the memorycell array 10, the input signals are successively stored.

FIG. 12 shows timing diagrams illustrating an operation of the writecontrol section 9. The output signals of the flip flops 58 and 60 arerepresented by pointer outputs 1 and 2. The output of the pointer 1going high indicates that the area I₁ of the input buffer 1 c is filledwith data, and the output of the pointer 2 going high indicates that thearea I₂ of the input buffer 1 c is filled with data. The pointer outputis output to the control section 3 as a request for writing data fromthe input buffer 1 c to the single port memory 6.

Substantially the same design can be used for the output signal readcontrol section 12 of the output buffer 2 c, except for the following.The pointer outputs 1 and 2 are each used to indicate that the outputbuffer 2 c has become empty, so that a request is output to the controlsection 3 for reading out data from the single port memory 6.

FIG. 13 illustrates the input data read control section 11. Referring toFIG. 13, the read control section 11 includes AND gates 70 to 73. Eachof the AND gates 70 to 73 decodes a control signal (address) output fromthe control section 3 so as to output a signal which indicates thecolumn address of the corresponding area in the memory cell array 10.The structure of the output date write control section 13 may besubstantially the same as that described above.

FIG. 14 illustrates the control section 3. Referring to FIG. 14, thecontrol section 3 includes a buffer control section 4 (including atiming generator 80 and an address generator 81) and a memory controlsection 5 (including another timing generator 82 and another addressgenerator 83).

FIG. 15A illustrates the timing generator 80. Referring to FIG. 15A, thetiming generator 80 includes counters 84 and 87, registers 85 and 88, RSflip flops 86 and 89 and an AND gate 90. In response to an inputvertical synchronization signal, a value of the register 85 is loaded tothe counter 84. The counter 84 starts counting from the next cycle, andoutputs a carry out signal when the counter 84 has counted up to n. Thecarry out signal is a reset signal to the differential circuit 50 of thewrite control section 9 (FIG. 11) and a “set” signal to the RS flip flop86. In response to an input horizontal synchronization signal, a valueof the register 88 is loaded to the counter 87, and the RS flip flop 89is reset. The counter 87 starts counting from the next cycle, andoutputs a carry out signal when the counter 87 has counted up to m. Thecarry out signal is a “set” signal to the RS flip flop 89. An enablesignal output from the AND gate 90 is at a high level while the outputsfrom the RS flip flops 86 and 89 are at a high level.

FIG. 15B illustrates the address generator 81. Referring to FIG. 15B,the address generator 81 includes a counter 91. In response to a pointersignal output from the input signal write control section 9, the counter91 is reset. The counter 91 starts counting from the next cycle, and thecount of the counter 91 is output to the input data read control section11 as an address. The structure of the timing generator 82 and thestructure of the address generator 83 may be substantially the same asthe structure of the timing generator 80 and the structure of theaddress generator 81, respectively.

In the present example, the write control section 9 provides the twopointer outputs 1 and 2 since a buffer is divided into two areas. When abuffer is divided into more areas, more pointer outputs are providedaccordingly. When a buffer is divided into L areas (L is a naturalnumber greater than or equal to 2), L pointers are provided accordingly.In the memory cell array 10 illustrated in FIG. 10, the areas I₁ and I₂can be further divided into four areas I₁, I₂, I₃ and I₄ having columnaddresses 0 to 4, respectively. In such a case, the outputs of the flipflops 57 to 60 are pointers 1 to 4, respectively.

FIG. 21 illustrates a write control section 9′ according to a variationof the present example. The write control section 9′ is similar to thewrite control section 9 but has four pointers 1 to 4. Referring to FIG.21, the write control section 9′ includes the differential circuit 50,the AND gates 51 to 55, additional AND gates 130 and 131 and the flipflops 57 to 60. A mode selection signal is provided to the write controlsection 9′ which is at a low level when the buffer is divided into twoareas and at a high level when the buffer is divided into four areas.

In the variation of the present example illustrated in FIG. 21, theoutput of the AND gate 130 is the pointer 1, the output of the flip flop58 is the pointer 2, the output of the AND gate 131 is the pointer 3,and the output of the flip flop 60 is the pointer 4. When the buffer isdivided into two areas I₁ and I₂, the pointer 2 indicates that the areaI₁ is full, and the pointer 4 indicates that the area I₂ is full. Whenthe buffer is divided into four areas I₁ to I₄ the pointers 1 to 4indicate whether the areas I₁ to I₄ are full, respectively.

In the write control section 9′ illustrated in FIG. 21, the modeselection signal and the additional AND gates 130 and 131 are provided.Therefore, when the buffer is divided into two areas I₁ and I₂, the modeselection signal is at the low level. Then, the pointer outputs 1 and 3are always at the low level, thereby not starting a write operation to amemory. The write operation to the memory is initiated when the pointeroutput 2 or 4 goes high. When the buffer is divided into two areas I₁and I₂, the mode selection signal is at the high level. Then, any of thepointer outputs 1 to 4 going high initiates a write operation to thememory. In this way, it is possible to provide a section for selectivelycontrolling a write operation to the single port memory 6 based on thesize of the buffer area.

FIGS. 16A and 16B each illustrate a memory map of the single port memory6 when employing the write control section 9 illustrated in FIG. 11.FIG. 16A illustrates the initial state, FIG. 16B illustrates the singleport memory 6 when data has been written in the area I₁. Thus, whenaccessing the memory using the buffer, the minimum accessing unit of thesingle port memory 6 depends upon the size of the buffer area.

FIGS. 17A to 17D each illustrate a memory map of the single port memory6 when the buffer is further divided into four areas I₁ to I₄. FIG. 17Aillustrates the initial state. FIG. 17B illustrates the single portmemory 6 when data has been written in the area I₁. FIGS. 17C and 17Deach illustrate the single port memory 6 when data has been written inthe area I₂. Thus, it is possible to write data in the same memoryaddress as that when the buffer is divided into two areas I₁ and I₂,(FIG. 16B), as illustrated in FIG. 17C. It is also possible to writedata in a different memory address as illustrated in FIG. 17D.

As described above, when the memory interface device is provided with abuffer, the minimum unit by which the memory address can be controlleddepends upon the size of each buffer area. Therefore, by providing asection for selectively controlling the size of the buffer area, “fine”or high resolution memory address control can be performed.

Now, a method for processing a plurality of video signals havingdifferent video signal rates or different horizontal frequencies will bedescribed.

FIG. 18 illustrates an arbitration circuit for arbitrating requests forwriting data to the single port memory 6 and requests for reading datafrom the single port memory 6. The arbitration circuit may be includedin the control section 3. Referring to FIG. 18, the arbitration circuitincludes registers 94 to 97 for user settings, AND gates 98 to 101 andan arbitrator 102.

In the present example, pointer outputs A to D are provided. The pointeroutput A indicates whether an input signal 1 is stored in the inputbuffer 1 c, thereby filling up the input buffer 1 c. The pointer outputB indicates whether an input signal 2 is stored in the input buffer 1 c,thereby filling up the input buffer 1 c. The pointer output C indicateswhether an output signal 1 is output from the output buffer 2 c, therebyemptying the output buffer 2 c. The pointer output D indicates whetheran output signal 1 is output from the output buffer 2 c, therebyemptying the output buffer 2 c.

The requests for writing and reading date to/from the single port memory6 are prioritized, and the priority of each request is represented bythe 2-bit value set in the register. The 2-bit value “11” indicates thefirst (highest) priority, “10” indicates the second priority, “01”indicates the third (lowest) priority, and “00” indicates “no request”.The priority may be represented by any suitable number of bits dependingupon the particular application in which the memory interface device isused.

When the input signal 1 fills up the first area I₁ of the input buffer 1c, the pointer output A goes high, and the value set in the register 94is input via the AND gate 98 to the arbitrator 102 as a write requestsignal Write REQA. Similarly, when the input signal 2 fills up thesecond area I₂ of the input buffer 1 c, the value set in the register 95is input to the arbitrator 102 as a write request signal Write REQB.When the output signal 1 empties the first area I₁ of the output buffer2 c, the value set in the register 96 is input to the arbitrator 102 asa read request signal Read REQA. When the output signal 2 empties thesecond area I₂ of the output buffer 2 c, the value set in the register97 is input to the arbitrator 102 as a read request signal Read REQB.

The arbitrator 102 has a preset priority sequence inherent within theparticular arbitrator 102 hardware. Therefore, when more than one writerequests or read request is issued, the requests are processed inaccordance with the priority sequence. In the present example, thesignal Write REQA has the first (highest) priority, the signal WriteREQB has the second priority, the signal Read REQA has the thirdpriority, and the signal Read REQB has the fourth (lowest) priority. Anyother priority sequence can be applied by the user of the memoryinterface device by setting appropriate values in the registers 94 to97. For example, “11” can be set in the register 97 to give the signalRead REQB the highest priority.

FIG. 19 is a chart illustrating various values output from thearbitrator 102 for various register settings.

Referring to FIG. 19, the first row (Row No. 1) represents a case where“11” is set in the register 94, and the pointer output A is accordinglyat the high level. In this case, as shown under “Mode Output” in theright-hand side of the chart, a signal Write Mode A of the single portmemory 6 is always at the high level regardless of the other write andread requests being issued or the register settings. Thus, thearbitrator 102 processes the request from the pointer output A by thehighest priority.

Where the memory cell array of the input buffer 1 c is arranged asillustrated in FIG. 10, and the input signal 1 is stored in the rowaddress 0, when the signal Write Mode A goes high, the read controlsection 11 of the input buffer to processes the request for reading outdata from the single port memory 6 by reading out data from theaddresses (0, 0) and (0, 1). Then, the pointer output A returns to thelow level.

The second row (Row No. 2) of FIG. 19 represents a case where “10” or alower priority value is set in the register 94 while “11” is set in theregister 95. In this case, a signal Write Mode B of the single portmemory 6 is always at the high level regardless of the other write andread requests being issued or the register settings. Thus, thearbitrator 102 processes the request from the pointer output B as havingthe highest priority. In this case, the priority of the pointer output Ais set to be “second” by setting “10” in the register 94, while thepriority of the pointer output B is set to be “first” by setting “11” inthe register 95. The other rows (Row Nos. 3 to 12) of FIG. 19 show thesame processing principle for different settings.

EXAMPLE 2

Now, a method for outputting an input signal with a delay by using theinput buffer 1 c and the output buffer 2 c according to Example 2 of thepresent invention will be described.

FIG. 20 illustrates a memory cell array 121 of the input buffer section1, a write bus to the single port memory 6, a memory cell array 122 ofthe output buffer section 2, and a read bus from the single port memory6. Referring to FIG. 20, reference numerals 20 to 27 and 104 to 111 eachdenote a pair of memory cells. Reference numerals 28 to 36 and 112 to120 each denote a pair of wired ORs. It is assumed in the presentexample that each word of the single port memory 6 has 4 bits.

When the memory cell array 121 of the input buffer section 1 is filledwith data, the data is normally output through the wired ORs 28 to 36 tothe single port memory 6. Since a write bit line of the write memory busand a read bit line of the read memory bus are connected together, it ispossible to write data in the memory cell array 121 of the input buffersection 1 directly to the memory cell array 122 of the output buffersection 2. For example, when reading out data in the memory cell pair 20through the wired OR 28, if the wired OR 112 is turned on, the data canbe written in the memory cell pair 104.

In this way, an input signal can be output with a delay using the inputbuffer 1 c and the output buffer 2 c. In the illustrated example, aninput signal is delayed by 4 to 8 clocks.

The number of bits or the number of words of the buffer of the presentinvention is not limited to those described above.

EXAMPLE 3

FIG. 22 illustrates a memory address generation device 300 according toExample 3 of the present invention. The memory address generation device300 of this example is designed to generate addresses in a memoryto/from which a digital video signal is written and read out. The memoryaddress generation device 300 updates a plurality of addresses for eachfield based on respective offset values thereof.

Referring to FIG. 22, the memory address generation device 300 includesan input terminal 500 through which a register update start signal (avertical blanking start signal) is input, an input terminal 501 throughwhich an address generation timing signal is input, an input terminal502 through which a pointer identification signal is input, and anaddress update register 503. A selector 504 selectively outputs one ofvalues A, B, C and D in the address update register 503 and a fixedvalue “1”. An arithmetic unit 505 calculates an address. A limiter 506limits the address calculated by the arithmetic unit 505 to be anaddress within the memory space. Reference numeral 507 denotes anaddress update circuit. An address register 508 stores memory addressescorresponding to address pointers, respectively. A selector 509selectively outputs one of the memory addresses stored in the addressregister 508. Reference numeral 510 denotes an output terminal throughwhich a memory address is output. A latch 519 latches the output fromthe selector 509. A control signal generation circuit 515 generatessignals for controlling the arithmetic unit 505, the selectors 504 and509, the address register 508 and the latch 519. An update registerselection signal 511 controls the selector 504. An address register loadsignal 512 controls the address register 508. An address registerselection signal 513 controls the selector 509. An address load signal520 indicates a timing at which an address should be loaded to theselector 509. An addition/subtraction identification signal 514indicates a type of calculation to be performed by the arithmetic unit505.

In the present example, as exemplary digital signals, a luminance signalY and a color difference signal C are written to and read out from amemory (not shown). The luminance signal Y and the color differencesignal C are delayed by one field while the signals are written to andread out from the memory. In the figure, W0 and W1 denote addresspointers in the memory to which the luminance signal Y and the colordifference signal C are written, respectively, and R0 and R1 denoteaddress pointers in the memory from which the luminance signal Y and thecolor difference signal C are read out, respectively.

The address update register 503 stores offset values A, B, C and Dcorresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1, respectively.

By incrementing (or decrementing) an address, an access is made to avideo data area in the memory where the luminance signal Y and the colordifference signal C are stored. This operation will now be described.

Upon receiving the pointer identification signal through the inputterminal 502, the control signal generation circuit 515 outputs to theselector 509 the address register selection signal 513 corresponding tothe pointer identification signal. The address register 508 storesaddresses corresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1,respectively. The selector 509 selects one of the address pointers W0,R0, W1 and R1 as indicated by the address register selection signal 513,and reads out an address corresponding to the selected address pointer.

Upon receiving the address generation timing signal through the inputterminal 501, the control signal generation circuit 515 generates andoutputs the address load signal 520 corresponding to the addressgeneration timing signal to the latch 519. In response to the addressload signal 520, the latch 519 latches the address received from theselector 509. The address stored in the latch 519 is output as anaddress in the memory which corresponds to one of the address pointersW0, R0, W1 and R1. The memory is accessed based on the address.

The address output from the selector 509 is also provided to thearithmetic unit 505. At this point, the control signal generationcircuit 515 provides the update register selection signal 511 indicatingthe fixed value “1” to the selector 504. In response to this, theselector 504 outputs the fixed value “1” to the arithmetic unit 505. Thecontrol signal generation circuit 515 outputs to the arithmetic unit 505the addition/subtraction identification signal 514 indicating anaddition. In response to the addition/subtraction identification signal514, the arithmetic unit 505 adds the fixed value “1” to the addressreceived from the selector 509, thereby updating the address. Theupdated address is returned to the address register 508 via the limiter506. In response to the address register load signal 512 from thecontrol signal generation circuit 515, an address in the addressregister 508 is replaced by the updated address.

For example, where the memory is accessed based on the address pointerW0, an address in the address reregister 508 corresponding to theaddress pointer W0 is selected and output via the latch 519. The fixedvalue “1” is added to the address, thereby updating the address. Theupdated address is written in the address register 508 as an addresscorresponding to the address pointer W0. Substantially the sameoperation is repeated for each of the other address pointers R0, W1 andR1, thereby incrementing the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1.

FIGS. 23A, 23B and 23C each illustrate a memory area in a memorycorresponding to a plurality of fields, each storing one luminancesignal Y and one color difference signal C. One field stores a luminancesignal Y2 and a color difference signal C2, the next field storesanother luminance signal Y1 and another color difference signal C1, andthe next field stores another luminance signal Y0 and another colordifference signal C0.

FIG. 23A illustrates the memory areas along with address pointers W0,R0, W1 and R1 before starting a read operation for one field and a writeoperation for another field. At this point, the address register 508stores addresses corresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1 andR1, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 23A. As described above, eachof the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 is incremented each time theaddress pointer is selected. Thus, after the read and write operations,the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are incremented as illustrated inFIG. 23B.

Before starting the next read and write operations for the following twofields, the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are updated asillustrated in FIG. 23C. The update is performed by using the addressupdate register 503 as follows.

While the address register 508 needs to be updated once for each field,this update should typically be performed while the memory is not beingaccessed. In the present example, the register update start signal inputthrough the input terminal 500 is a vertical blanking start signal (asignal indicating the start of vertical blanking), and the addressregister 508 is updated in response to the start of vertical blanking.

Upon receiving the vertical blanking start signal, the control signalgeneration circuit 515 outputs, for example, the update registerselection signal 511 indicating the address pointer W0 to the selector504, the address register selection signal 513 indicating the addresspointer W0 to the selector 509 and the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition to the arithmetic unit505. In response to the update register selection signal 511, theselector 504 selects the offset value A corresponding to the addresspointer W0 from the address update register 503, and outputs the offsetvalue A to the arithmetic unit 505. In response to the address registerselection signal 513, the selector 509 selects an address correspondingto the address pointer W0 from the address register 508, and outputs theaddress to the arithmetic unit 505.

The arithmetic unit 505 adds the offset value A corresponding to theaddress pointer W0 to the address corresponding to the address pointerW0, thereby updating the address. The updated address is returned to theaddress register 508 via the limiter 506. In response to the addressregister load signal 512 from the control signal generation circuit 515,the old address in the address register 508 corresponding to addresspointer W0 is replaced by the updated address. Thus, the address pointerW0 is updated as illustrated in FIGS. 23B and 23C.

The address pointer W1 is updated as follows. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition is provided to thearithmetic unit 505. The offset value C corresponding to the addresspointer W1 is read out from the address update register 503, and theupdated address corresponding to the address pointer W0 is read out fromthe address register 508. The offset value C is added to the updatedaddress, and the sum is written in the address register 508 as anupdated address corresponding to the address pointer W1.

The address pointer R0 is updated as follows. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating a subtraction is provided to thearithmetic unit 505. The offset value B corresponding to the addresspointer R0 is read out from the address update register 503, and theupdated address corresponding to the address pointer W0 is read out fromthe address register 508. The offset value B is subtracted from theupdated address, and the difference is written in the address register508 as an updated address corresponding to the address pointer R0.

In this way, the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are updated asillustrated in FIGS. 23B and 23C.

Whether, an addition or a subtraction is to be performed ispredetermined for each of the offset values A, B, C and D of the addressupdate register 503. Therefore, the control signal generation circuit515 is provided with register storing values (each indicating either anaddition or a subtraction) for the offset values A, B, C and D of theaddress update register 503. Thus, when the control signal generationcircuit 515 outputs the address register selection signal 513 indicatingone of the address pointers, the control signal generation circuit 515can refer to the register provided therein to determine either anaddition or a subtraction is to be performed with the offset valuecorresponding to the one of the address pointers and to output theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514 indicating either anaddition or a subtraction.

Referring to FIGS. 24A and 24B, an operation of the limiter 506 inconnection with the address space of the memory will now be described.

Consider a memory which has a p-bit-address memory space (a memory spacerepresented by p-bit addresses). The memory space exists in a range froma p-bit start address to a p-bit end address. When a p-bit address isoutput from the address register 508, the arithmetic unit 505 adds orsubtracts an offset value to/from the p-bit address, thereby outputting“p+2”-bit. The p+1 bits of the p+2 bits correspond to “p bits+p bits (pdenotes the number of bits included in an address). A sign bit (a bit inan address indicating whether the address value is positive or negative)is added to the “p+1”-bit address, thereby providing a “p+2”-bitaddress.

FIG. 24A illustrates an operation of the limiter 506 when the “p+1”-bitaddress output from the arithmetic unit 505 is larger than the endaddress by a value “a”. In such a case, the limiter 506 calculates thevalue {“p+1”-bit address (from the arithmetic unit 505)−finaladdress−1}, and outputs the calculated value as an updated address,which is within the address space. The limiter 506 outputs the updatedaddress which has p bits.

FIG. 24B illustrates an operation of the limiter 506 when the “p+1”-bitaddress output from the arithmetic unit 505 is smaller than the endaddress by a value “b”. In such a case, the limiter 506 calculates thevalue {“p+1”-bit address (from the arithmetic unit 505)+finaladdress+1}, and outputs the calculated value as an updated address,which is within the address space. The limiter 506 outputs the updatedaddress which has p bits.

As described above, in the present example, the address pointers and thecorresponding addresses are each updated through a relative calculationbased on a reference address. Thus, it is possible to allocate theaddress pointers within the memory space while maintaining therelationship of the address pointers with respect to one another.

In the present example, one address is used as a reference address whilethe other addresses are obtained with respect to the reference address.However, the number of reference addresses is not limited to one, but aplurality of reference addresses may alternatively be used.

Moreover, the number of the offset values stored in the address updateregister 503 may alternatively be different from the number of theaddresses stored in the address register 508.

In the present example, the arithmetic unit 505 is controlled by theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514. Alternatively, thearithmetic unit 505 may simply be an adder, while storing in the addressupdate register 503 a value obtained based on a two's complement.

Moreover, the address does not have to be incremented by one at a time,but may alternatively be incremented by any other number. The addressmay alternatively be decremented.

Furthermore, in the present example, a plurality of addresses areupdated using one arithmetic unit 505 in combination with the selectors504 and 509. Alternatively, a plurality of arithmetic units may beprovided for updating the respective addresses.

EXAMPLE 4

FIG. 25 illustrates a memory address generation device 310 according toExample 4 of the present invention. In Example 4, the control signalgeneration circuit 515 provides the addition/subtraction identificationsignal 514 to the limiter 506, and the address output from thearithmetic unit 505 to the limiter 506 has p+1 bits. As compared toExample 3 where the address output from the arithmetic unit 505 has p+2bits, the sign bit is eliminated, thereby providing a “p+1”-bit address.

Referring to FIG. 25, the memory address generation device 310 includesthe input terminal 500 through which a register update start signal (avertical blanking start signal) is input, the input terminal 501 throughwhich an address generation timing signal is input, the input terminal502 through which a pointer identification signal is input, and theaddress update register 503. The selector 504 selectively outputs one ofvalues A, B, C and D in the address update register 503 and a fixedvalue “1”. The arithmetic unit 505 calculates an address. The limiter506 limits the address calculated by the arithmetic unit 505 to be anaddress within the memory space. Reference numeral 507 denotes theaddress update circuit. The address register 508 stores memory addressescorresponding to address pointers, respectively. The selector 509selectively outputs one of the memory addresses stored in the addressregister 508. Reference numeral 510 denotes the output terminal throughwhich a memory address is output. The latch 519 latches the output fromthe selector 509. The control signal generation circuit 515 generatessignals for controlling the arithmetic unit 505, the selectors 504 and509, the address register 508 and the latch 519. The update registerselection signal 511 controls the selector 504. The address registerload signal 512 controls the address register 508. The address registerselection signal 513 controls the selector 509. The address load signal520 indicates a timing at which an address should be loaded to theselector 509. The addition/subtraction identification signal 514indicates a type of calculation to be performed by the arithmetic unit505.

In the present example, as exemplary digital signals, a luminance signalY and a color difference signal C are written to and read out from amemory (not shown). The luminance signal Y and the color differencesignal C are delayed by one field while the signals are written to andread out from the memory. In the figure, W0 and W1 denote addresspointers in the memory to which the luminance signal Y and the colordifference signal C are written, respectively, and R0 and R1 denoteaddress pointers in the memory from which the luminance signal Y and thecolor difference signal C are read out, respectively.

The address update register 503 stores offset values A, B, C and Dcorresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1, respectively.

An access to the memory is made by incrementing each of the addressesstored in the address register 508. This is performed in substantiallythe same manner as that described in Example 3, and will not be furtherdescribed below.

FIGS. 26A, 26B and 26C each illustrate a memory area in a memorycorresponding to a plurality of fields, each storing one luminancesignal Y and one color difference signal C. One field stores a luminancesignal Y2 and a color difference signal C2, the next field storesanother luminance signal Y1 and another color difference signal C1, andthe next field stores another luminance signal Y0 and another colordifference signal C0.

FIG. 26A illustrates the memory areas along with address pointers W0,R0, W1 and R1 before starting a read operation for one field and a writeoperation for another field. At this point, the address register 508stores addresses corresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1 andR1, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 26A. As described above, eachof the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 is incremented each time theaddress pointer is selected. Thus, after the read and write operations,the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are incremented as illustrated inFIG. 26B.

Before starting the next read and write operations for the following twofields, the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are updated asillustrated in FIG. 26C. The update is performed by using the addressupdate register 503 as follows.

While the address register 508 needs to be updated once for each field,this update should typically be performed while the memory is not beingaccessed. In the present example, the register update start signal inputthrough the input terminal 500 is a vertical blanking start signal (asignal indicating the start of vertical blanking), and the addressregister 508 is updated in response to the start of vertical blanking.

Upon receiving the vertical blanking start signal, the control signalgeneration circuit 515 outputs, for example, the update registerselection signal 511 indicating the address pointer W1 to the selector504, the address register selection signal 513 indicating the addresspointer W1 to the selector 509 and the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition to the arithmetic unit505. In response to the update register selection signal 511, theselector 504 selects the offset value C corresponding to the addresspointer W1 from the address update register 503, and outputs the offsetvalue C to the arithmetic unit 505. In response to the address registerselection signal 513, the selector 509 selects an address correspondingto the address pointer W1 from the address register 508, and outputs theaddress to the arithmetic unit 505.

The arithmetic unit 505 adds the offset value C corresponding to theaddress pointer W1 to the address corresponding to the address pointerW1, thereby updating the address. The updated address is returned to theaddress register 508 via the limiter 506. In response to the addressregister load signal 512 from the control signal generation circuit 515,the old address in the address register 508 corresponding to addresspointer W1 is replaced by the updated address. Thus, the address pointerW1 is updated as illustrated in FIGS. 26B and 26C.

The other address pointers R0, W0 and R1 are updated by subtracting thecorresponding offset value from the updated address corresponding to theaddress pointer W1 as a reference address.

For example, the address pointer W1 is updated as follows. Theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514 indicating a subtractionis provided to the arithmetic unit 505. The offset value A correspondingto the address pointer W0 is read out from the address update register503, and the updated address corresponding to the address pointer W1 isread out from the address register 508. The offset value A is subtractedfrom the updated address, and the difference is written in the addressregister 508 as an updated address corresponding to the address pointerW0.

Similarly, the address pointer R0 is updated by subtracting the offsetvalue B from the updated address corresponding to the address pointerW1. The address pointer R1 is updated by subtracting the offset value Dfrom the updated address corresponding to the address pointer W1.

As described above, in the present example, only the address pointer W1is updated by an addition (using the offset value C), and the otheraddress pointers R0, W0 and R1 are updated by a subtraction (using theoffset values B, A and D, respectively).

In this way, the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1 are updated asillustrated in FIGS. 26B and 26C.

Whether the offset value is to be added or subtracted can be dictatedfrom the value of the update register selection signal 511. Therefore,the value of the addition/subtraction identification signal 514 isdetermined based on the value of the update register selection signal511.

Referring to FIGS. 27A and 27B, an operation of the limiter 506 inconnection with the address space of the memory will now be described.

Consider a case where the memory has a memory space with 4-bitaddresses. The memory space exists in a range from a 4-bit start addressto a 4-bit end address. When a 4-bit address is output from the addressregister 508, the arithmetic unit 505 adds or subtracts an offset valueto/from the 4-bit address, thereby outputting 5-bit address. In thiscase, the address does not have the sign bit.

FIG. 27A illustrates an operation of the limiter 506 when the 5-bitaddress output from the arithmetic unit 505 is larger than the endaddress by the value “a”. FIG. 27B illustrates an operation of thelimiter 506 when the 5-bit address output from the arithmetic unit 505is smaller than the end address by the value “b”.

As described above, the 5-bit address output from the arithmetic unit505 does not have the sign bit. Therefore, the “overflow” state asillustrated in FIG. 27A and the “underflow” state as illustrated in FIG.27B cannot be distinguished from each other only by the 5-bit address.

Thus, the limiter 506 receives the addition/subtraction identificationsignal 514, and identifies the “overflow” state (FIG. 27A) if the signal514 indicates an addition and the “underflow” state (FIG. 27B) if thesignal 514 indicates a subtraction.

When the limiter 506 receives the addition/subtraction identificationsignal 514 indicating an addition, the limiter 506 calculates the value{5-bit address (from the arithmetic unit 505)−final address (“1111”)−1},and outputs the calculated value as an updated address, as illustratedin FIG. 27A.

Similarly, when the limiter 506 receives the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating a subtraction, the limiter 506calculates the value {5-bit address (from the arithmetic unit 505)+finaladdress (“1111”)+1}, and outputs the calculated value as an updatedaddress, as illustrated in FIG. 27B.

In other words, when the 5-bit address obtained by an addition exceedsthe address space, a limit process as illustrated in FIG. 27A isperformed. When the 5-bit address obtained by a subtraction exceeds theaddress space, a limit process as illustrated in FIG. 27B is performed.Thus, substantially the same operation as that described in Example 3 isachieved while reducing the number of bits output from the arithmeticunit 505 by one bit.

As described above, in the present example, the address pointers and thecorresponding addresses are each updated through a relative calculationbased on a reference address. Thus, it is possible to allocate theaddress pointers within the memory space while maintaining therelationship of the address pointers with respect to one another.

Moreover, the sign bit is eliminated by employing opposite updatedirections for the reference address (positive update direction oraddition) and the other addresses (negative update direction orsubtraction). Thus, it is not necessary to store such an additional bitin the control signal generation circuit 515 or in the address updateregister 503, thereby reducing the number of bits provided in theregister.

Furthermore, the number of bits of the address output from thearithmetic unit 505 is reduced by inputting the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 to the limiter 506.

In the present example, one address is used as a reference address whilethe other addresses are obtained with respect to the reference address.However, the number of reference addresses is not limited to one, but aplurality of reference addresses may alternatively be used.

Moreover, the number of the offset values stored in the address updateregister 503 may alternatively be different from the number of theaddresses stored in the address register 508.

In the present example, the arithmetic unit 505 is controlled by theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514. Alternatively, thearithmetic unit 505 may simply be an adder, while storing in the-addressupdate register 503 a value obtained based on a two's complement.

The update direction of the reference address and that of the otheraddresses are not limited to those described above.

Moreover, the address does not have to be incremented by one at a time,but may alternatively be incremented by any other number. The addressmay alternatively be decremented.

Furthermore, in the present example, a plurality of addresses areupdated using one arithmetic unit 505 in combination with the selectors504 and 509. Alternatively, a plurality of arithmetic units may beprovided for updating the respective addresses.

EXAMPLE 5

FIG. 28 illustrates a memory address generation device 320 according toExample 5 of the present invention. In Example 5, more address pointersH, W0, R0, W1, R1, W2, W3 are used. The address pointers are updated inresponse to a first register update start signal (a vertical blankingstart signal) and a second register update start signal (a horizontalblanking start signal, or a signal indicating the start of horizontalblanking).

Referring to FIG. 28, the memory address generation device 320 includesan input terminal 500 through which a first register update start signal(a vertical blanking start signal) is input, an input terminal 516through which a second register update start signal (a horizontalblanking start signal) is input, the input terminal 501 through which anaddress generation timing signal is input, the input terminal 502through which a pointer identification signal is input, and the addressupdate register 503. The selector 504 selectively outputs one of valuesA, B, C, D, E and F in the address update register 503 and a fixed value“1”. The arithmetic unit 505 calculates an address. The limiter 506limits the address calculated by the arithmetic unit 505 to be anaddress within the memory space. Reference numeral 507 denotes theaddress update circuit. The address register 508 stores memory addressescorresponding to address pointers, respectively. The selector 509selectively outputs one of the memory addresses stored in the addressregister 508. Reference numeral 510 denotes the output terminal throughwhich a memory address is output. The latch 519 latches the output fromthe selector 509. The control signal generation circuit 515 generatessignals for controlling the arithmetic unit 505, the selectors 504 and509, the address register 508 and the latch 519. The update registerselection signal 511 controls the selector 504. The address registerload signal 512 controls the address register 508. The address registerselection signal 513 controls the selector 509. The address load signal520 indicates a timing at which an address should be loaded to theselector 509. The addition/subtraction identification signal 514indicates a type of calculation to be performed by the arithmetic unit505.

In the present example, the luminance signal Y and the color differencesignal C for a main screen are first written in the memory. A luminancesignal SY and a color difference signal SC of a sub-screen areoverwritten on a portion of the main screen. The main screen is delayedby one field with respect to the sub-screen. Thus, data of the mainscreen (which is delayed by two fields from the data input) and data ofthe sub-screen (which is delayed by one field from the data input) areread out together. In the present example, W0 and W2 denote addresspointers in the memory to which the luminance signal Y and the colordifference signal C are written, respectively, and R0 and R2 denoteaddress pointers in the memory from which the luminance signal Y and thecolor difference signal C are read out, respectively. Similarly, W1 andW3 denote address pointers in the memory to which the luminance signalSY and the color difference signal SC are written, respectively, and R1and R3 denote address pointers in the memory from which the luminancesignal SY and the color difference signal SC are read out, respectively.

The address update register 503 stores the offset values A, B, C, D, Eand F corresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3,respectively. The address update register 503 also stores the offsetvalue G which is used in connection with the address pointers W1 and W3.

The address register 508 stores addresses corresponding to the addresspointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3, respectively.

An access to the memory is made by incrementing each of the addressesstored in the address register 508. This is performed in substantiallythe same manner as that described in Example 3, and will not be furtherdescribed below.

FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C each illustrate a memory area in the memorycorresponding to a plurality of fields, each storing one luminancesignal Y and one color difference signal C. One field stores a luminancesignal Y3 and a color difference signal C3, the next field storesanother luminance signal Y2 and another color difference signal C2, thenext field stores another luminance signal Y1 and another colordifference signal C1, and the next field stores another luminance signalY0 and another color difference signal C0.

For each field, a portion of the main screen luminance signal Y isreplaced by the sub-screen luminance signal SY, and a portion of themain screen color difference signal C is replaced by the sub-screencolor difference signal SC. The positional relationship of the mainscreen with respect to the sub-screen in the entire display screen isrepresented by the positional relationship of the memory area of theluminance signal Y and the memory area of the color difference signal Cwith respect to the memory area of the luminance signal SY and thememory area of the color difference signal SC, respectively.

FIG. 29A illustrates the memory areas along with address pointers W0,R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3 before starting a read operation for one field anda write operation for another field. At this point, the address register508 stores addresses corresponding to the address pointers W0, R0, W1,R1, W2 and W3, respectively, as illustrated in FIG. 29A. As describedabove, each of the address pointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3 isincremented each time the address pointer is selected.

After one horizontal scanning operation, the address pointers W0, W1, W2and W3 for write operations are moved to the respective positionsindicated by black dots in FIG. 29A. The address pointers W0 and W2which are used for the main screen are incremented as described inExamples 3 and 4. For the address pointers W1 and W3 which are used forthe sub-screen, on the other hand, the following process is performed inorder to access only the memory area where the color difference signalSC is stored.

Upon receiving the horizontal blanking start signal, the control signalgeneration circuit 515 outputs, for example, the update registerselection signal 511 indicating the address pointer W1 to the selector504, the address register selection signal 513 indicating the addresspointer W1 to the selector 509 and the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition to the arithmetic unit505. In response to the update register selection signal 511, theselector 504 selects the offset value G from the address update register503, and outputs the offset value G to the arithmetic unit 505. Inresponse to the address register selection signal 513, the selector 509selects an address corresponding to the address pointer W1 from theaddress register 508, and outputs the address to the arithmetic unit505.

The arithmetic unit 505 adds the offset value G to the addresscorresponding to the address pointer W1, thereby updating the address.The updated address is returned to the address register 508 via thelimiter 506. In response to the, address register load signal 512 fromthe control signal generation circuit 515, the old address in theaddress register 508 corresponding to address pointer W1 is replaced bythe updated address. Then, the address pointer W1 indicates the startaddress of the memory area where the luminance signal BY is stored.

Thereafter, the address stored in the address register 508 correspondingto the address pointer W1 is incremented. When the next horizontalblanking start signal is input, the same operation is repeated.

The address pointer W3 is moved in substantially the same manner. Whenthe horizontal blanking start signal is input, the offset value G isadded to the address corresponding to the address pointer W3, therebyupdating the address. The updated address is returned to the addressregister 508, and then the address stored in the address register 508corresponding to the address pointer W3 is incremented. When the nexthorizontal blanking start signal is input, the same operation isrepeated.

After completing the read and write operations for the fields, theaddress pointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3 are positioned as illustratedin FIG. 29B.

Before starting the next read and write operations for the following twofields, the address pointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3 are updated asillustrated in FIG. 29C. The update is performed by using the addressupdate register 503 as follows.

Upon receiving the vertical blanking start signal, the control signalgeneration circuit 515 outputs, for example, the update registerselection signal 511 indicating the address pointer W0 to the selector504, the address register selection signal 513 indicating the addresspointer W0 to the selector 509 and the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition to the arithmetic unit505. In response to the update register selection signal 511, theselector 504 selects the offset value A corresponding to the addresspointer W0 from the address update register 503, and outputs the offsetvalue A to the arithmetic unit 505. In response to the address registerselection signal 513, the selector 509 selects an address correspondingto the address pointer W0 from the address register 508, and outputs theaddress to the arithmetic unit 505.

The arithmetic unit 505 adds the offset value A corresponding to theaddress pointer W0 to the address corresponding to the address pointerW0, thereby updating the address. The updated address is returned to theaddress register 508 via the limiter 506. In response to the addressregister load signal 512 from the control signal generation circuit 515,the old address in the address register 508 corresponding to the addresspointer W0 is replaced by the updated address. Thus, the address pointerW0 is updated as illustrated in FIGS. 29B and 29C.

The address pointer W2 is updated as follows. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating an addition is provided to thearithmetic unit 505. The offset value E corresponding to the addresspointer W2 is read out from the address update register 503, and theupdated address corresponding to the address pointer W0 is read out fromthe address register 508. The offset value E is added to the updatedaddress, and the sum is written in the address register 508 as anupdated address corresponding to the address pointer W2.

The address pointer R0 is updated as follows. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating a subtraction is provided to thearithmetic unit 505. The offset value B is subtracted from the updatedaddress, and the difference is written in the address register 508 as anupdated address corresponding to the address pointer R0. The addresspointer R1 is updated by subtracting the offset value D from the updatedaddress corresponding to the address pointer W0.

Similarly, the address pointers W1 and W3 are updated as follows. Theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514 indicating a subtractionis provided to the arithmetic unit 505. The offset values C and F areeach subtracted from the updated address corresponding to the addresspointer W0. The differences are written in the address register 508.

In this way, the address pointers W0, R0, W1, R1, W2 and W3 are updatedas illustrated in FIGS. 29B and 29C.

Whether an addition or a subtraction is to be performed is predeterminedfor each of the offset values of the address update register 503.Therefore, the control signal generation circuit 515 is provided with aregister storing values (each indicating either an addition or asubtraction) for the offset values of the address update register 503.Thus, when the control signal generation circuit 515 outputs the addressregister selection signal 513 indicating one of the address pointers,the control signal generation circuit 515 can refer to the registerprovided therein to determine whether either an addition or asubtraction is to be performed with the offset value corresponding tothe one of the address pointers and to output the addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicating either an addition or asubtraction.

The operation of the limiter 506 may be substantially the same as thosedescribed in Examples 3 and 4, and thus will not be further described inthis example.

As described above, in the present example, the address pointers and thecorresponding addresses are each updated through a relative calculationbased on a reference address. Thus, it is possible to allocate theaddress pointers within the memory space while maintaining therelationship of the address pointers with respect to one another. Someof the address pointers are updated, using the horizontal offset valueG, each time the horizontal blanking start signal is input.

In the present example, the address pointers are each updated by addingor subtracting an offset value to/from the address pointer as in Example3. Alternatively, the address pointers may be updated in a manner asdescribed in Example 4, that is, by adding an offset value only to theaddress pointer W2 (reference address pointer) while subtracting therespective offset values from the other address pointers.

Moreover, a plurality of address update registers 503 may alternativelybe used.

In the present example, one address is used as a reference address whilethe other addresses are obtained with respect to the reference address.However, the number of reference addresses is not limited to one, but aplurality of reference addresses may alternatively be used.

Furthermore, the number of the offset values stored in the addressupdate register 503 may alternatively be different from the number ofthe addresses stored in the address register 508.

In the present example, the arithmetic unit 505 is controlled by theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514. Alternatively, thearithmetic unit 505 may simply be an adder, while storing in the addressupdate register 503 a value obtained based on a two's complement.

The update direction of the reference address and that of the otheraddresses are not limited to those described above.

Moreover, the address does not have to be incremented by one at a time,but may alternatively be incremented by any other number. The addressmay alternatively be decremented.

Furthermore, in the present example, a plurality of addresses areupdated using one arithmetic unit 505 in combination with the selectors504 and 509, Alternatively, a plurality of arithmetic units may beprovided for updating the respective addresses.

EXAMPLE 6

FIG. 30 illustrates a memory address generation device 330 according toExample 6 of the present invention. In Example 6, the address space inthe memory is logically divided into two areas. The two memory areas areaccessed using only the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1. In order toachieve this, a memory area identification signal 517 is sent from thecontrol signal generation circuit 515 to the limiter 506.

Referring to FIG. 30, the memory address generation device 330 includesan input terminal 500 through which a register update start signal (avertical blanking start signal) is input, the input terminal 501 throughwhich an address generation timing signal is input, the input terminal502 through which a pointer identification signal is input, and theaddress update register 503. The selector 504 selectively outputs one ofvalues A, B, C and D in the address update register 503 and a fixedvalue “1”. The arithmetic unit 505, calculates an address. The limiter506 limits the address calculated by the arithmetic unit 505 to be anaddress within the memory space. Reference numeral 507 denotes theaddress update circuit. The address register 508 stores memory addressescorresponding to address pointers, respectively. The selector 509selectively outputs one of the memory addresses stored in the addressregister 508. Reference numeral 510 denotes the output terminal throughwhich a memory address is output. The latch 519 latches the output fromthe selector 509. The control signal generation circuit 515 generatessignals for controlling the arithmetic unit 505, the selectors 504 and509, the address register 508 and the latch 519. The update registerselection signal 511 controls the selector 504. The address registerload signal 512 controls the address register 508. The address registerselection signal 513 controls the selector 509. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicates a type of calculation to beperformed by the arithmetic unit 505. The address load signal 520indicates a timing at which an address should be loaded to the selector509. The memory area identification signal 517 indicates one of thememory areas to be accessed.

Except for the memory area identification signal 517 and the limiter506, the operation of the present example (including the generation andupdate of the address pointers W0, R0, W1 and R1) is substantially thesame as that of Example 3, and thus will not be further described below.

FIG. 31 illustrates a memory space which is divided into a 3-fieldmemory area for storing the luminance signal Y and a 2-field memory areafor storing a motion signal M. The boundary between the two areas has anaddress B.

An operation of the limiter 506 will now be described. The limiter 506receives from the control signal generation circuit 515 the memory areaidentification signal 517 indicating either the memory area for theluminance signal Y or the memory area for the motion signal M. Thelimiter 506 performs one of two operations based on the memory areaidentification signal 517.

FIGS. 32A and 32B illustrate an operation of the limiter 506 foraccessing the memory area for the luminance signal Y which includes thestart address of the memory space.

FIG. 32A illustrates a case where the offset value is added to theaddress pointer to update the address, and the updated address A exceedsthe boundary address B. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs thevalue {the address A−(B+1)} instead of the address A. FIG. 32Billustrates a case where the offset value is subtracted from the addresspointer to update the address, and the updated address A is smaller thanthe boundary address B. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs thevalue (the address A+B+1) instead of the address A.

FIGS. 33A and 33B illustrate an operation of the limiter 506 foraccessing the memory area for the motion signal M which includes an endaddress C of the memory space.

FIG. 33A illustrates a case where the offset value is added to theaddress pointer to update the address, and the updated address A exceedsthe end address C. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs the value(the address A−C+B) instead of the address A. FIG. 33B illustrates acase where the offset value is subtracted from the address pointer toupdate the address, and the updated address A is smaller than theaddress B+1. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs the value (theaddress A+B+C) instead of the address A.

In this way, it is possible to cyclically increment the address pointereither in the memory area for the luminance signal Y or in the memoryarea for the motion signal M.

Thus, in the present example, signals having different numbers of bitsor different numbers of fields, such as the luminance signal Y and themotion signal M, can be allocated in the respective memory areas in thesame memory space. Moreover, two or more address pointers can beincremented at different rates in the respective memory areas, therebyeffectively utilizing the memory space.

Although the memory space is divided into two memory areas in thepresent example, the memory space may alternatively be divided into anyother number of areas.

Moreover, the number of reference addresses is not limited to one, but aplurality of reference addresses may alternatively be used.

Furthermore, the operation of the limiter 506 of the present example mayalso be applied to Examples 4 and 5.

EXAMPLE 7

FIG. 34 illustrates a memory address generation device 340 according toExample 7 of the present invention. In Example 7, the address space inthe memory is logically divided into two areas. When accessing the twodivided memory areas, addresses are determined based on the startaddress 0 in both memory areas. In order to realize this, a bitinversion circuit 518 is provided between the selector 509 and the latch519, the addition/subtraction identification signal 514 is provided tothe limiter 506 as well as the arithmetic unit 505, and the memory areaidentification signal 517 is provided to the limiter 506 and the bitinversion circuit 518.

Referring to FIG. 34, the memory address generation device 340 includesan input terminal 500 through which a register update start signal (avertical blanking start signal) is input, the input terminal 501 throughwhich an address generation timing signal is input, the input terminal502 through which a pointer identification signal is input, and theaddress update register 503. The selector 504 selectively outputs one ofvalues A, B, C and D in the address update register 503 and a fixedvalue “1”. The arithmetic unit 505 calculates an address. The limiter506 limits the address calculated by the arithmetic unit 505 to be anaddress within the memory space. Reference numeral 507 denotes theaddress update circuit. The address register 508 stores memory addressescorresponding to address pointers, respectively. The selector 509selectively outputs one of the memory addresses stored in the addressregister 508. The bit inversion circuit 518 receives an output signalfrom the selector 509, and selectively outputs either the output signalintact or the inverted signal (a signal obtained by inverting each-bitof the received output). Reference numeral 510 denotes the outputterminal through which a memory address is output. The latch 519 latchesthe output from the bit inversion circuit 518. The control signalgeneration circuit 515 generates signals for controlling the arithmeticunit 505, the selectors 504 and 509, the limiter 506, the addressregister 508, the bit inversion circuit 518 and the latch 519. Theupdate register selection signal 511 controls the selector 504. Theaddress register load signal 512 controls the address register 508. Theaddress register selection signal 513 controls the selector 509. Theaddress load signal 520 indicates a timing at which an address should beloaded to the selector 509. The addition/subtraction identificationsignal 514 indicates a type of calculation to be performed by thearithmetic unit 505. The memory area identification signal 517 indicatesone of the memory areas to be accessed.

Except for the memory area identification signal 517, the limiter 506and the bit inversion circuit 518, the operation of the present example(including the generation and update of the address pointers) issubstantially the same as that of Example 3, and thus will not befurther described below.

FIG. 35 illustrates a memory space with 4-bit addresses, which isdivided by the boundary address B into a memory area 0 including thestart address “0000” and a memory area 1 including the end address“1111”.

While the memory space is divided into two memory areas, an address ineither area is updated based on the address “0000”. As illustrated inFIG. 35, an absolute address is used in the memory area 0, and a logicaladdress (obtained by inverting each bit of the absolute address) is usedin the memory area 1. The logical address “0000” obtained by invertingeach bit of the absolute address “1111” is assumed as the referenceaddress.

An operation of the bit inversion circuit 518 will now be described.First, the memory area identification signal 517 is input to the limiter506, determining whether the memory area 0 or the memory area 1 is to beaccessed. As can be seen from the description in Example 6, the addresscalculated by the arithmetic unit 505 is input to the bit inversioncircuit 518 via the limiter 506, the address register 508 and theselector 509. The bit inversion circuit 518 receives the memory areaidentification signal 517, and the bit inversion circuit 518 outputsthe-address intact when the memory area identification signal 517indicates the memory area 0 and outputs the inverted address (an addressobtained by inverting each bit of the calculated address) when thememory area identification signal 517 indicates the memory area 1. Theaddress is output via the latch 519 and through the output terminal 510at a predetermined timing. In this way, the address pointers can beallocated in the memory areas 0 and 1.

An operation of the limiter 506 will now be described. FIGS. 36A and 36Billustrate an operation of the limiter 506 for accessing the memory area0 including the absolute address “0000”.

FIG. 36A illustrates a case where the offset value is added to theaddress pointer to update the address, and the updated address A exceedsthe boundary address B. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs thevalue {the address A−(B+1)}={A+not(B)} instead of the address A, where“not( )” indicates an address obtained by inverting each bit of theaddress. FIG. 36B illustrates a case where the offset value issubtracted from the address pointer to update the address, and theupdated address A is smaller than the absolute address “0000”. In such acase, the limiter 506 outputs the value (the address A+B+1) instead ofthe address A.

FIGS. 37A and 37B illustrate an operation of the limiter 506 foraccessing the memory area 1 including the absolute address “1111”.

FIG. 37A illustrates a case where the offset value is added to theaddress pointer to update the address, and the updated address A issmaller than the logical address “0000”. In such a case, the limiter 506outputs the value (the address A+B′+1)={A+not (B)} instead of theaddress A, where the address B′ is the boundary address within thememory area 1 and equals the value {not(B)−1}. FIG. 37B illustrates acase where the offset value is subtracted from the address pointer toupdate the address, and the updated address A exceeds the logicaladdress B′. In such a case, the limiter 506 outputs the value {theaddress A−(B′+1)}={A−not(B)}=(A+B+1) instead of the address A.

In this way, each of the memory areas 0 and 1 can start from the address“0000”, and the address “0000” can be used as a reference address ineither one of the memory areas 0 and 1. Moreover, since the output ofthe limiter 506 is limited to either (A+B+1) or {A+not(B)}, the limiter506 can be implemented by a simple circuit structure.

As described above, by using logical addresses where a memory space isdivided into two memory areas by a single boundary, the two memory areascan be accessed in substantially the same manner. Moreover, substantialcomplication or expansion of the limiter circuit is avoided.

Furthermore, the number of reference addresses is not limited to one,but a plurality of reference addresses may alternatively be used.

The operation of the limiter of the present example may be used inExamples 4 and 5.

Moreover, any other circuit structure can be used for dividing thesingle memory space.

EXAMPLE 8

FIG. 38 illustrates a memory address generation device 350 according toExample 8 of the present invention. In Example 8, a plurality ofnon-synchronous signals are written to and read from a single memory. Inorder to realize this, the bit inversion circuit 518 is provided betweenthe selector 509 and the latch 519, and a second synchronous systemaddress register 521 and the selector 522 are provided.

Referring to FIG. 38, the memory address generation device 350 includesan input terminal 500 through which a register update start signal (afirst synchronous system vertical blanking start signal) is input, theinput terminal 501 through which an address generation timing signal isinput, the input terminal 502 through which a pointer identificationsignal is input, and the address update register 503. The selector 504selectively outputs one of the values stored in the address updateregister 503 and fixed values “1” and “0”. The arithmetic unit 505calculates an address. The limiter 506 limits the address calculated bythe arithmetic unit 505 to be an address within the memory space.Reference numeral 507 denotes the address update circuit. The addressregister 508 stores memory addresses corresponding to address pointers,respectively. The selector 509 selectively outputs one of the memoryaddresses stored in the address register 508. The bit inversion circuit518 receives an output signal from the selector 509, and selectivelyoutputs either the output signal intact or the inverted signal.Reference numeral 510 denotes the output terminal through which a memoryaddress is output. The latch 519 latches the output from the bitinversion circuit 518. The control signal generation circuit 515generates signals for controlling the arithmetic unit 505, the selectors504 and 509, the limiter 506, the address register 508, the bitinversion circuit 518 and the latch 519. The update register selectionsignal 511 controls the selector 504. The address register load signal512 controls the address register 508. The address register selectionsignal 513 controls the selector 509. The addition/subtractionidentification signal 514 indicates a type of calculation to beperformed by the arithmetic unit 505. The memory area identificationsignal 517 indicates, one of the memory areas to be accessed. The secondsynchronous system address register 521 stores the address received fromthe selector 509 in response to a second synchronous system verticalblanking start signal which is provided through an input terminal 524.The selector 522 switches one of the address from the selector 509 andthe address from the second synchronous system address register 521 inresponse to a second synchronous system selection signal 523 from thecontrol signal generation circuit 515. The address load signal 520indicates a timing at which an address should be loaded to the selector509. The second synchronous system selection signal 523 is used tooperate the selector 522.

In the present example, video signals in a first synchronous system andvideo signals in a second synchronous system (which is not synchronizedwith the first synchronous system) are written to or read from thememory.

As in Example 7, the memory space is divided into the memory area 0 andthe memory area 1, using absolute addresses in the memory area 0 andlogical addresses (obtained by inverting the absolute addresses) in thememory area 1, as illustrated in FIG. 35.

The address update register 503 stores offset values corresponding tothe address pointers W1, and R1 in the memory area 0, respectively, andan offset value corresponding a read address pointer ASR in the memoryarea 1. The address register 508 stores addresses corresponding to theaddress pointers W1 and R1 in the memory area 0, respectively, andaddresses corresponding to address pointers ASW and ASR in the memoryarea 1.

When a video signal in the first synchronous system is written to orread from the memory, the memory area 0 is used, and the bit inversioncircuit 518 does not invert the address from the selector 509. Moreover,the selector 522 selects the address from the selector 509 and providesthe address to the arithmetic unit 505. Therefore, the address isincremented and updated in substantially the same manner as that ofExample 3. Moreover, the operation of the limiter 506 is substantiallythe same as that of Example 7.

Write and read operations for a video signal in the second synchronoussystem will now be described.

First, a method for generating a write address for a video signal in thesecond synchronous system will be described. Since the address pointerASW in the second synchronous system moves at a rate different from therate at which an address pointer in the first synchronous system moves,a special area is allocated in the memory space. In the present example,the memory area 1 is allocated, The address register 508 stores writeand read addresses in the second synchronous system corresponding to theaddress pointers ASW and ASR, respectively.

When the control signal generation circuit 515 determines that an accessto the address corresponding to the write address pointer ASW isrequested based on the address generation timing signal and the pointeridentification signal received from the input terminals 501 and 502,respectively, the control signal generation circuit 515 controls theselector 509, the bit inversion circuit 518, the selector 522 and thelimiter 506 so as to generate the address corresponding to the writeaddress pointer ASW. The selector 509 selects the address correspondingto the write address pointer ASW.

When signals in the second synchronous system are written to or readfrom the memory area 1, the limiter 506 performs the operation asillustrated in FIGS. 37A and 37B, and the bit inversion circuit 518inverts the address from the selector 509. Moreover, the selector 522selects the address from the selector 509, and the selector 504 selectsthe value “1”. The arithmetic unit 505 increments by “1” the addresscorresponding to the address pointer ASW.

The timing at which the address pointer ASW is generated is indicated bythe address generation timing signal and is in synchronization with avideo signal in the second synchronous system.

While the address corresponding to the address pointer ASW is generated,the control signal generation circuit 515 does not update the addresscorresponding to the address pointer ASW in the address register 508(using an offset value) even if the vertical blanking start signal isinput through the input terminal 500. Thus, the write address of asignal in the second synchronous system is only incremented, and theaddress pointer cycles in the memory area 1 of the memory space.

Now, an operation for reading out video signals in the secondsynchronous system stored in the memory area 1 in synchronization withvideo signals in the first synchronous system will be described.

As described above, a video signal in the second synchronous system anda video signal in the first synchronous system are not insynchronization with each other. In order to substantially synchronizethe video signals with each other, one or more frames in the memory area1 may be selectively skipped or read twice, for example, so as to absorbthe frequency difference therebetween.

FIGS. 39A and 39B are timing diagrams illustrating write frames and readframes where a write field frequency and a read field frequency aredifferent from each other. The timing diagrams are illustrated by framesso that the relationship between an even-numbered frame and anodd-numbered frame is properly maintained when applying this operationto interlaced signals.

FIG. 39A illustrates a case where the write field frequency is higherthan the read field frequency (the frequency of the second synchronoussystem is greater than the frequency of the first synchronous system).FIG. 39B shows the opposite case. In either case, a read operation for aframe begins at a timing during a write operation for that frame andfrom the start address of the frame, thereby performing the writeoperation and the read operation in parallel with each other.

Referring to FIG. 39A, the frames 0 to 5 are normally written to andread from the memory without skipping any frame. However, a writeoperation for the field 6 begins before the field 5 has been read out.Therefore, after reading out the field 5, the field 7 is read out,thereby skipping the field 6.

Such an operation is realized as follows. At the beginning of each writeoperation, the start address of the frame to be written is stored. Then,when a read operation is complete, the stored start address is simplyread out and used as the start address for the following read operation.In this way, it is possible to appropriately skip frames, therebysubstantially converting a signal in one synchronous system to a signalin a different synchronous system.

FIG. 39B illustrates a case where the write field frequency is lowerthan the read field frequency. If the above method is used in such asituation, a read operation for one frame may end before a writeoperation for that frame ends (the read operation “overtakes” thecorresponding write operation). Then, the video signal cannot be readout properly. In FIG. 39B, “NG” indicates the frame which is not readout properly.

In order to avoid such an overtake, the vertical blanking start signalin the second synchronous system (for write operations) is provided witha certain width which corresponds to the longest period of time by whichthe read operation may possibly precede the corresponding writeoperation. Preferably, the width is set to the difference between thetwo different field frequencies.

When updating the read start address for the next read operation, if thevertical blanking start signal in the second synchronous system is at alow level, the start address of a frame which has been stored at thebeginning of a write operation for that frame is used as the startaddress for the next read operation. If the vertical blanking startsignal in the second synchronous system is at a high level, the startaddress of the preceding frame is used as the start address for the nextread operation.

In this way, it is possible to convert a signal in one synchronoussystem to a signal in a different synchronous system without any“overtake” even when the write field frequency is lower than the readfield frequency, as illustrated in the bottom of FIG. 39B.

The above operations illustrated in FIGS. 39A and 39B are realized asfollows.

Upon receiving the second synchronous system vertical blanking startsignal through the input terminal 524, the second synchronous systemaddress register 521 stores the address corresponding to the addresspointer ASW output from the selector 509 (the start address of the frameto be written).

When updating addresses in the address register 508 in response to thevertical blanking start signal input through the input terminal 500, ifthe second synchronous system vertical blanking start signal inputthrough the input terminal 524 is at the low level, the selector 522selects the address from the second synchronous system address register521 (the start address of the frame to be written), and the selector 504selects the fixed value “0”. As a result, the output from the arithmeticunit 505 is the address from the second synchronous system addressregister 521.

If the second synchronous system vertical blanking start signal inputthrough the input terminal 524 is at the high level, the selector 522selects the address from the second synchronous system address register521 (the start address of the frame to be written), and the selector 504selects an offset value corresponding to the address pointer ASR fromthe address update register 503. At this point, the arithmetic unit 505is instructed to perform a subtraction operation by theaddition/subtraction identification signal 514. Thus, the arithmeticunit 505 subtracts the offset value corresponding to the address pointerASR from the address received from the second synchronous system addressregister 521, thereby outputting the start address of the precedingframe.

When an address corresponding to the read address pointer ASR isrequested in response to the address generation timing signal and thepointer identification signal input through the input terminals 501 and502, the selector 509 selects the address corresponding to the addresspointer ASR from the address register 508. The bit inversion circuit 518inverts the address from the selector 509 to read out the memory area 1and outputs the inverted address as a memory address. At this time, theselector 522 selects the address from the selector 509, and the selector504 selects the fixed value “1”. Thus, the arithmetic unit 505increments the address by “1”.

In this way, it is possible to write a second synchronous system videosignal to the memory and read out the second synchronous system videosignal in synchronization with the first synchronous video signal.

As described above, when the address output from the second synchronoussystem address register 521 is used intact as an updated address, thefixed value “1” is selected by the selector 504. Alternatively, theaddress from the second synchronous system address register 521 may beoutput from the arithmetic unit 505 without performing any calculationby the arithmetic unit 505.

Moreover, the polarity of the second synchronous system verticalblanking start signal and the memory area for storing the secondsynchronous system video signals are not limited to those described inthe present example.

Furthermore, while the present example is based on Example 5, thepresent example may alternatively be used with a circuit having anyother structure, as an address generation method using a memory forsynchronizing two video signals having different field frequencies.

As described above, in one embodiment of the present invention, whilesignals stored in one of a plurality of input areas of an input bufferare transferred to a single port memory, an input signal is stored inanother one of the input areas. While signals stored in one of aplurality of output areas of an output buffer are output as an outputsignal, a signal stored in the single port memory is transferred toanother one of the output areas. Thus, it is possible to output a signalwhich has been read out from the single port memory as an output signalin real time, while writing an input signal to the single port memory.Moreover, by increasing the number of input areas in the input bufferand the number of output areas in the output buffer, the minimum amountof data which is transferred at a time can be reduced. As a result, itis possible to perform “fine” address control.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a bus width conversioncircuit is provided for converting an output bus width of the inputbuffer to an input bus width of the single port memory, and convertingan output bus width of the single port memory to an input bus width ofthe output buffer. Thus, it is possible to realize a system independentof the bus width of the single port memory.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the input buffer is dividedalong the bit line direction and the word line direction of the inputbuffer into a plurality of input areas, and the output buffer is dividedalong the bit line direction and the word line direction of the outputbuffer into a plurality of output areas. By programmably altering thedivision along the bit line direction, it is possible to access anintended address in the single port memory for each area regardless ofthe bit width of the input signal. As a result, the single port memorycan be used more effectively. It is also possible to process a pluralityof signals in different synchronous systems.

In one embodiment of the present invention, an arbitration circuit isprovided for prioritizing access request signals based on apredetermined priority sequence. Thus, when processing a plurality ofsignals in different synchronous systems, it is possible topreferentially permit one of the signals which has a relatively highersignal rate to access the single port memory. As a result, real timecontrol can be performed successfully.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a circuit is provided forwriting a signal from an input buffer directly to an output buffer.Thus, it is possible to output an input signal with a delay using theinput buffer and the output buffer.

In one embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary toprovide a number of arithmetic units corresponding to the number ofaddress pointers used. Rather, the address pointers can be updated usingonly one arithmetic unit, thereby realizing a small-scale memory addressgeneration device.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of addresses areupdated based on a predetermined relationship among the addresses. Thus,it is possible to allocate the addresses within the memory space whilemaintaining the relationship of the address pointers with respect to oneanother.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of addresses areupdated through a relative calculation based on a reference address.Therefore, even when a calculation error occurs while updating anaddress, the address may be back in proper relationship with the othersafter the address is updated again.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the update direction for thereference address is opposite to the update direction for the otheraddresses. Thus, it is not necessary to provide an additional bit toindicate the sign of the updated address, thereby reducing the number ofbits required for the register. Moreover, the number of bits requiredfor the arithmetic unit is also reduced.

In one embodiment of the present invention, some of the address pointersmay be updated each time the horizontal blanking start signal is input,for example, thereby providing the address with a horizontal offset, andthus making it possible to, for example, provide a small screen in thememory.

In one embodiment of the present invention, write and read operationsare performed for video signals which are different in the number ofbits or the number of fields required. In order to achieve this, aplurality of memory areas are provided in one memory space, and theaddress pointers are moved at different rates in different memory areas,respectively. Thus, it is possible to effectively utilize the memoryspace.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the memory space is dividedinto two memory areas by a single boundary. The two areas can beaddressed in substantially the same manner by using logical addresses.Thus, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale of the device.

In one embodiment of the present invention, write and read operationsare performed for different video signals which are not synchronizedwith each other. A signal in a synchronous system can be properly readout in synchronization with a signal in a different synchronous systemby using only one memory address generation device for generatingaddresses and only one memory.

Various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily madeby those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spiritof this invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of theclaims appended hereto be limited to the description as set forthherein, but rather that the claims be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:
 1. A memory address generation device for generatinga plurality of addresses for accessing a memory, the memory addressgeneration device comprising: an address update section for updating Naddresses (where N is a natural number) at a predetermined timing basedon a predetermined relationship among the N addresses, wherein theaddress update circuit comprises: a control signal generation circuitfor receiving (i) a pointer identification signal corresponding to oneof a plurality of address pointers, and (ii) an address generationtiming signal, a first selector for receiving an address registerselection signal generated by the control signal generation circuit andselecting and outputting one of the N addresses corresponding to the oneof the plurality of address pointers signal, an address register forreceiving the selected address and storing the selected address as areference address and outputting the address to the memory, and anarithmetic unit for receiving the selected address from the selector andadding an increment so as to allow subsequent addresses to besequentially allocated based on the reference address, thereby updatingthe address register, wherein: the predetermined relationship among theN addresses is a relationship between at least one reference address andthe other addresses of the N addresses, the predetermined relationshipamong the N addresses is represented by K predetermined values (where Kis a natural number); and wherein the address update section furthercomprises a second selector for selecting one of the K predeterminedvalues corresponding to one of the N addresses, the arithmetic unitupdates the address of the address register corresponding to the one ofthe K predetermined values.
 2. A memory address generation deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein: the K predetermined values are offsetvalues; and the arithmetic unit selectively updates the addresscorresponding to the at least one reference address, and the arithmeticunit updates the other address based on the at least one referenceaddress and one of the offset values.
 3. A memory address generationdevice according to claim 2, wherein the arithmetic unit updates the oneof the N addresses corresponding to the reference address in onedirection and updates each of the other of the N addresses in anopposite direction.
 4. A memory address generation device for generatinga plurality of addresses for accessing a memory, the memory addressgeneration device comprising: an address update section for updating Naddresses (where N is a natural number) at a predetermined timing basedon a predetermined relationship among the N addresses, wherein theaddress update circuit comprises: a control signal generation circuitfor receiving (i) a pointer identification signal corresponding to oneof a plurality of address pointers, and (ii) an address generationtiming signal, a first selector for receiving an address registerselection signal generated by the control signal generation circuit andselecting and outputting one of the N addresses corresponding to the oneof the plurality of address pointers signal, an address register forreceiving the selected address and storing the selected address as areference address and outputting the address to the memory, and anarithmetic unit for receiving the selected address from the selector andadding an increment so as to allow subsequent addresses to besequentially allocated based on the reference address, thereby updatingthe address register, wherein: a memory address space of the memory islogically divided into a plurality of areas; the address update sectiongenerates an address by independently incrementing one of the pluralityof address pointers in each of the areas; the memory address spacestarts from a start address and ends with an end address; the memoryaddress space is logically divided by a boundary into a first areaincluding the start address and a second area including the end address;the address update section calculates an address using a logical addressbased on the start address either in the first area or in the secondarea; and the address update section inverts the calculated address forthe second area, thereby providing an actual address in the second area.5. A memory address generation device according to claim 4, wherein: Mfirst synchronous system signals and K second synchronous system signalswhich are not synchronized with the M first synchronous signals areprovided: the address update section provides a special memory area inthe memory address space for storing the second synchronous systemsignals; and the address update section calculates a read address of thesecond synchronous system signal based on a write address of the secondsynchronous system signal and the second synchronous system signal.